Table of Contents
- Introduction
- What is Adjustment of Status?
- Eligibility Criteria
- Eligibility through Family
- Eligibility through Employment
- Special Classes of Immigrants
- Understanding the Application Process
- Form I-485: Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status
- Biometrics Appointment
- Interview Process
- Decision on the Application
- Documentation Required
- Common Pitfalls to Avoid
- Benefits of Adjustment of Status
- Potential Challenges
- Frequently Asked Questions
- What is the difference between Adjustment of Status and Consular Processing?
- Can I travel internationally while my Adjustment of Status application is pending?
- How long does the Adjustment of Status process usually take?
- What happens if my Adjustment of Status application is denied?
- Can I work while my Adjustment of Status application is pending?
Adjustment of Status (AOS) is a significant process in the realm of U.S. immigration law, offering individuals already present in the United States the opportunity to apply for lawful permanent resident status without having to leave the country. Understanding the intricacies of AOS, including eligibility requirements and the application process, is crucial for those seeking to establish permanent residency in the United States.
What is Adjustment of Status?
Adjustment of Status refers to the process by which an eligible foreign national applies to change their nonimmigrant status to that of a lawful permanent resident (green card holder) while physically present in the United States. This process allows individuals to transition from temporary visa statuses to permanent residency without the need for consular processing abroad.
Eligibility Criteria
Eligibility through Family
One common pathway to eligibility for Adjustment of Status is through a qualifying family relationship with a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident. Spouses, parents, children, and siblings of U.S. citizens, as well as spouses and unmarried children of lawful permanent residents, may be eligible to apply for AOS.
Eligibility through Employment
Individuals with certain types of employment-based visas may also be eligible for Adjustment of Status. This typically includes individuals with approved employment-based immigrant petitions who have a current priority date and an available visa number.
Special Classes of Immigrants
Certain special classes of immigrants, such as refugees, asylees, diversity visa lottery winners, and certain individuals granted parole, may also be eligible for Adjustment of Status under specific circumstances.
Understanding the Application Process
Form I-485: Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status
The primary form used to apply for Adjustment of Status is Form I-485. This comprehensive application requires detailed information about the applicant’s personal background, immigration history, and eligibility for permanent residency.
Biometrics Appointment
After submitting Form I-485, applicants are typically scheduled for a biometrics appointment at a USCIS Application Support Center. During this appointment, applicants provide fingerprints, photographs, and signature for identity verification purposes.
Interview Process
In many cases, Adjustment of Status applicants are required to attend an interview at a USCIS field office. During the interview, an immigration officer will review the applicant’s eligibility, background, and supporting documentation.
Decision on the Application
Following the interview, USCIS will issue a decision on the Adjustment of Status application. If approved, the applicant will receive their green card by mail. If denied, the applicant may have the option to appeal the decision or pursue other legal avenues.
Documentation Required
Applicants for Adjustment of Status must submit a variety of supporting documentation with their Form I-485, including evidence of identity, immigration status, family relationships, employment, and financial support.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
Navigating the Adjustment of Status process can be complex, and there are several common pitfalls that applicants should strive to avoid. These may include incomplete or inaccurate application forms, insufficient supporting documentation, and failure to attend required interviews or appointments.
Benefits of Adjustment of Status
There are numerous benefits to obtaining lawful permanent resident status through Adjustment of Status, including the ability to live and work permanently in the United States, eligibility for certain government benefits, and the opportunity to eventually apply for U.S. citizenship.
Potential Challenges
While Adjustment of Status offers many advantages, there are also potential challenges and drawbacks to consider. These may include lengthy processing times, strict eligibility requirements, and the possibility of application denials or delays.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between Adjustment of Status and Consular Processing?
Adjustment of Status is a process for individuals already present in the United States, while consular processing is used for individuals applying for immigrant visas from outside the country.
Can I travel internationally while my Adjustment of Status application is pending?
In most cases, individuals with pending Adjustment of Status applications are permitted to travel internationally with advance parole authorization.
How long does the Adjustment of Status process usually take?
The processing time for Adjustment of Status applications can vary depending on a variety of factors, including USCIS workload and individual case complexities. In general, it may take several months to over a year to receive a decision.
What happens if my Adjustment of Status application is denied?
If your Adjustment of Status application is denied, you may have the option to appeal the decision or pursue other legal remedies. It’s important to consult with an immigration attorney to explore your options.
Can I work while my Adjustment of Status application is pending?
In many cases, individuals with pending Adjustment of Status applications are eligible to apply for employment authorization documents (EADs), which allow them to legally work in the United States while their AOS application is pending.